In recent years, a significant number of distributed small-capacity energy storage (ES) systems have been integrated into power grids to support grid frequency regulation. However, the challenges associated with high-dimensional control and synergistic operation alongside conventional generators remain unsolved. In this paper, a partitioning-based control approach is developed for the participation of widespread distributed ES systems on frequency control in power systems. The approach comprises a network partitioning method and a two-layer frequency control scheme. The partitioning method utilizes a community detection algorithm in which the weights between the buses are calculated based on the electrical distances. After partitioning the buses into different groups, an optimization-based frequency control system with two layers is established to aggregate and dis-aggregate the inertia and droop coefficients so that frequency regulation and economical operation can be achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations on an IEEE 39-bus system. The results confirm the successful elimination of frequency deviations and low operating cost of the proposed approach.