Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial for the large-scale utilization of clean energy. However, because of the complexity and real-time nature of internal reactions, the mechanism of capacity decline in LIBs is still unclear. This has become a bottleneck restricting their promotion and application. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) contains rich electrochemical connotations and signifcant application prospects, and has attracted widespread attention and research on efcient energy storage systems. Compared to traditional voltage and current data, the state-of-health (SOH) estimation model based on EIS has higher accuracy. This paper categorizes EIS measurement methods based on diferent principles, introduces the relationship between LIBs aging mechanism and SOH, and compares the advantages of diferent SOH estimation methods. After a detailed analysis of the latest technologies, a review is given. The insights of this review can deepen the understanding of the relationship between EIS and the aging efect mechanism of LIBs, and promote the development of new energy storage devices and evaluation methods.