Hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission has the characteristic of long transmission distance, complex corridor environment, and rapid fault evolution of direct current (DC) lines. As high fault current can easily cause irreversible damage to power devices, rapid and reliable line protection and isolation are necessary to improve the security and reliability of hybrid HVDC transmission system. To address such requirement, this paper proposes a single-ended protection method based on transient voltage frequency band characteristics. First, the frequency characteristics of the smoothing reactor, DC flter, and DC line are analyzed, and the characteristic frequency band is defned. A fault criterion is then constructed based on the voltage characteristic frequency band energy, and faulty pole selection is performed according to the fault voltage characteristic frequency band energy ratio. The proposed protection method is verifed by simulation, and the results show that it can rapidly and reliably identify internal and external faults, accurately select faulty poles without data communication synchronization, and has good fault-resistance and anti-interference performance.