As a vital infrastructure and a major consumer of energy, railway transportation is facing significant pressure to reduce carbon emissions. In response to technical bottlenecks, such as safety operation risks and low energy utilization rates, caused by the only energy sources in the traction power supply system and the difficulties in recovering regenerative braking energy under trends of high-density and heavy-haul train operations, this paper analyzes the renewable resource endowments along railway lines. It systematically elucidates the component modules of electric-hydrogen energy integration into the traction power supply system and explores the access methods of electric-hydrogen energy under cross-phase, same-phase, and through-type configurations. On this basis, this paper analyzes the application effects of system operational optimization strategies in terms of real-time regulation, energy optimization scheduling, and decision accuracy in real-time scheduling. Furthermore, based on the characteristics of hydrogen energy in cross-regional transport, long-term storage, and a low-carbon economy, it analyzes the large-scale hydrogen production capabilities of electric- hydrogen energy integration in the traction power supply system and its resilience in operational safety and emergency power supply.