The large-scale integration of distributed power generation (DG) poses a serious challenge to the relay protection of distribution networks. The probability of single-phase ground fault occurrence is high, but the fault information is very weak, especially under the influence of the diverse fault output characteristics of DG. The accuracy of single-phase fault location in a distribution network with DGs is often difficult to guarantee. To this end, a model recognition-based single-phase grounding fault location method for a distribution network with DGs is proposed. The output characteristics of DG under single-phase to ground faults in the distribution network is analyzed, and a positive sequence augmented network of distribution network with DGs at different fault locations is established. A function of fault location on the feeder outlet and DG output current vector is constructed and a single-phase to ground fault location model in the distribution network is established. A new fault location criterion is constructed based on the difference in the proportion coefficient of a short-circuit current vector in different fault locations. The accuracy and practicality of fault location have been improved by transforming the problem of single-phase grounding fault location into the problem of solving the coefficients of the fault location model. Theoretical and simulation analysis shows that single-phase grounding faults can be accurately located at different fault locations and transition resistances, with the advantages of clear principles, convenient fault feature collection, and high sensitivity and reliability.