Traditional distance protection based on a Fourier algorithm is affected by the frequency offset characteristics and transition resistance of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) when the short-circuit fault occurs in the outgoing line of a doubly fed wind turbine. Protection action performance is poor. Therefore, by analyzing the relationship between the measured impedance and the fault point impedance, a new adaptive distance protection with resistance to transition resistance is adopted in this paper. Given that there is an ill-conditioned problem in the protection, regularization is used to deal with the ill-conditioned expression. The adaptive coefficient is modified online to make the action boundary of the protection adjust dynamically with the adaptive coefficient. Finally, based on the Matlab/Simulink platform, an electromagnetic transient simulation model of a DFIG is built. Considering different wind farm scale and wind speed changes, the operational characteristics of traditional and adaptive distance protection are compared and analyzed. The results show that the operational performance of adaptive distance protection is better and the reliability is higher. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52037003).