引用本文:孙天誉,陈超波,代佳伟,等.融合模型驱动与信号分析的逆变器开路故障诊断方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2026,54(06):71-82.
SUN Tianyu,CHEN Chaobo,DAI Jiawei,et al.An inverter open-circuit fault diagnosis method integrating model-driven and signal analysis[J].Power System Protection and Control,2026,54(06):71-82
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融合模型驱动与信号分析的逆变器开路故障诊断方法
孙天誉1,陈超波2,代佳伟1,张彬彬2,高 嵩2
1.西安工业大学机电工程学院，陕西 西安 710021；2.西安工业大学电子信息工程学院，陕西 西安 710021
摘要:
针对目前逆变器开路故障诊断方法中阈值主观设定、特征信号与故障信息匹配困难的问题，提出融合模型驱动与信号分析的逆变器开路故障诊断方法。首先，构建一阶微分跟踪器，并采用小波分析法对逆变器输出三相电压进行噪声滤除与扰动解耦。滤除噪声扰动后的三相电压与基于广义状态空间平均法的三相电压标称值相减获得残差。其次，引入基于短时傅里叶变换的电压残差评价函数，计算电压时频特征与报警阈值，通过比较实现故障诊断。同时，推导并总结电压残差离散傅里叶系数的代数与极性特征关系，辨识具体故障功率开关器件。最后，根据一系列仿真实验与硬件在环实验平台结果，验证所提方法的实时响应能力与诊断精准性。
关键词:  逆变器  开路故障  微分跟踪器  电压残差评价  离散傅里叶系数
DOI：10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.250760
分类号:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目资助(52572487)；陕西省重点研发计划项目-重点产业创新链(群)-工业领域资助(2024GX-ZDCYL-03-06)；陕西高校青年创新团队项目资助(2023997)；国防科工局基础科研项目资助(G20230823)
An inverter open-circuit fault diagnosis method integrating model-driven and signal analysis
SUN Tianyu1,CHEN Chaobo2,DAI Jiawei1,ZHANG Binbin2,GAO Song2
1. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; 2. School of Information Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China
Abstract:
To address the issue of subjective threshold setting and the difficulty in aligning feature signals with fault information in existing inverter open-circuit fault diagnosis methods, this paper proposes a novel diagnostic approach integrating model-driven and signal analysis techniques. First, a first-order differential tracker is constructed, and a wavelet analysis method is applied to denoise and decouple disturbances from the three-phase output voltages of the inverter. The residuals are then obtained by subtracting the nominal three-phase voltages, after filtering out noise disturbances and derived from the generalized state-space averaging method. Second, a voltage residual evaluation function based on short-time Fourier transform is introduced to calculate voltage time-frequency features and determine alarm thresholds, enabling fault detection through comparison. Meanwhile, the algebraic and polar relationships of the discrete Fourier coefficients of the voltage residuals are derived and summarized to identify the specific faulty power switch devices. Finally, a series of simulation results and hardware-in-the-loop experimental results verify the real-time response capability and diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method.
Key words:  inverter  open-circuit fault  differential tracker  voltage residual evaluation  discrete Fourier coefficients
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